fast

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv. 感叹词 intj.
中文释义
英 /fɑːst/    美 /fɑːst/|/fæst/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The act or practice of fasting, religious abstinence from food.
    — 1677 George Fox, The Hypocrites Fast and Feast Not God's Holy Day, p. 8 (paraphrasing Matthew 6:16-18). And is it not the Command of Christ, that in their Fast they should not appear unto men to fast?
  2. A train that calls at only some stations it passes between its origin and destination, typically just the principal stations. UK
  3. Any of the fasting periods in the liturgical year.
    — 1662 Peter Gunning, The Holy Fast of Lent Defended Against All Its Prophaners: Or, a Discourse, Shewing that Lent-Fast was First Taught the World by the Apostles (1677 [1662]), p. 13 (translation of the Paschal Epistle of Theophilus of Alexandria). And so may we enter the Fasts at hand, beginning Lent the 30th. day of the Month Mechir
动词 v.
  1. To practice religious abstinence, especially from food. intransitive
    — Thou didst fast and weep for the child.
  2. To reduce or limit one's nutrition intake for medical or health reasons, to diet. intransitive
    — The ideal would be to fast in a situation where you are not tempted by food
  3. To cause (a person or animal) to abstain, especially from eating. transitive
    — At 11 weeks of age, all mice were fasted overnight and underwent gallbladder ultrasonography to determine ejection fraction.
形容词 adj.
  1. Firmly or securely fixed in place; stable. dated
    — That rope is dangerously loose. Make it fast!
  2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong.
    — out-lawes […] lurking in woods and fast places
  3. Steadfast, with unwavering feeling. (Now mostly in set phrases like fast friend(s).)
    — I still hear you sayin', "Dear one, hold me fast"
  4. Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid; light.
    — I am going to buy a fast car.
  5. Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid; light.; Having a kinetic energy between 1 million and 20 million electron volts; often used to describe the energy state of free neutrons at the moment of their release by a nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction (i.e., before the neutrons have been slowed down by anything).
    — Plutonium-240 has a much higher fission cross-section for fast neutrons than for thermal neutrons.
  6. Of a place, characterised by business, hustle and bustle, etc.
    — Sydney is a fast city, and the pace is becoming increasingly more frantic.
  7. Causing unusual rapidity of play or action.
    — a fast racket, or tennis court
  8. Able to transfer data in a short period of time.
    — But at the microlevel it consists of an unimaginable number of atoms connected by springy chemical bonds, all jiggling around at a rate that even our fastest supercomputer might envy.
  9. Deep or sound (of sleep); fast asleep (of people).
    — Since his majesty went into the field, I have seen her rise from her bed, throw her nightgown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon’t, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleep.
  10. Not running or fading when subjected to detrimental conditions such as wetness or intense light; permanent.
    — All the washing has come out pink. That red tee-shirt was not fast.
  11. Tenacious; retentive. obsolete
    — Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells.
  12. Having an extravagant lifestyle or immoral habits. dated
    — a fast woman
  13. Uncharacteristically mature or promiscuous for one's age. dated,offensive,vernacular
    — […] if she is of the slightly faster kind that gives smart lunch parties at the Strand Corner House, her diet is sometimes a little stronger; she takes to novels of the orchid house and the tiger's lair, to the artless erotics of Miss Elinor Glyn, Mr Hubert Wales, and Miss Victoria Cross.
  14. Ahead of the correct time or schedule.
    — There must be something wrong with the hall clock. It is always fast.
  15. More sensitive to light than average.
副词 adv.
  1. In a firm or secure manner, securely; in such a way as not to be moved; safe, sound .
    — Hold this rope as fast as you can.
  2. Deeply or soundly .
    — The princess was sleeping fast, and her servants were fast asleep too.
  3. Immediately following in place or time; close, very near .
    — The horsemen came fast on our heels.
  4. Quickly, with great speed; within a short time .
    — Do it as fast as you can.
  5. Ahead of the correct time or schedule.
    — I think my watch is running fast.
感叹词 intj.
  1. Ellipsis of stand fast, a warning not to pass between the arrow and the target. abbreviation,alt-of,ellipsis

词形变化

faster comparative fastest superlative fasts plural faster comparative fastest superlative fasts present,singular,third-person fasting participle,present fasted participle,past fasted past fasts plural

词汇关系

近义词
slutty
反义词
slow
衍生词
acid-fast as fast as one's legs could carry one at a fast clip bad news travels fast barefast bedfast breastfast come thick and fast cragfast don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly earthfast enfasten fail fast fail-fast fast-acting fast and furious fast and loose fast as lightning fast backward fast blue optical transient fast bowler fast bowling fast break fast breeder fast-breeder reactor fast buck fast busy signal fast casual fast company fastcore fast crab fasten faster than a minnow can swim a dipper faster-than-light faster than light faster than Minute Rice fast-evolving luminous transient fast-fashion fast fashion fast-flowing fast follower fast food fast-food fast foodie fast-foodie fast food music fast forward fast-forward fast Fourier transform fastgoing fast-growing fastgrowing fast-handed fast ice fastish fast lane fast lap fast leg theory fastly fast-mo fast money fast mover fast-moving fastness fast-neutron reactor fast one fast-paced fastpack fast-pitch fastpitch fast radio burst fast reactor fast rope fast sheet fast-tailed fast-talk fast-talker fast tech fast telegram fast times fast-track fast track fast travel fastwalker fast yellow AB get nowhere fast go fast go-fast go-fast boat go-faster stripe go faster stripes go nowhere fast hard-and-fast hard and fast headfast holdfast hold fast hyperfast in the fast lane lightning fast lockfast makefast make fast masterfast move fast and break things nailfast nonfast not so fast overfast play fast and loose pull a fast one rainfast semi-fast semifast serofast setfast shorefast sitfast stand fast steadfast sternfast sunfast superfast talk fast and loose thick and fast think fast tubfast tub-fast ultra-fast fashion ultrafast ultra-fast unfast washfast waterfast wetfast fastgang nonfasted outfast unfasted black fast breakfast break one's fast fast day Fast of Esther Fast of Gedaliah Fast of Tammuz Fast of Tebet Great Fast

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *fastuz
Proto-West Germanic *fast
Old English fæst
Middle English fast
English fast
From Middle English fast, fest, from Old English fæst (“firm, secure”), from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
The development of “rapid” from an original sense of “secure” apparently happened first in the adverb and then transferred to the adjective; compare hard in expressions like “to run hard”. The original sense of “secure, firm” is now slightly archaic, but retained in the related fasten (“make secure”). Also compare close meaning change from Latin rapiō (“to snatch”) to Latin rapidus (“rapid, quick”), from Irish sciob (“to snatch”) to Irish sciobtha (“quick”).
词源 2
From Middle English fast, faste, from Old English fæste, from fæst + -e (adverb-forming suffix).
词源 3
From Middle English fasten, from Old English fæstan (“to fast”), from Proto-West Germanic *fastēn, from
Proto-Germanic *fastāną (“to fast”), from the same root as Proto-Germanic *fastijaną (“to fasten”), derived from *fastuz, and thereby related to Etymology 1.
The religious sense is presumably introduced in the Gothic church, from Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fastan, “hold fast (viz. to the rule of abstinence)”). This semantic development is unique to Gothic, the term glosses Greek νηστεύω (nēsteúō), Latin ieiuno which do not have similar connotations of "holding fast".
The feminine noun Old High German fasta likely existed in the 8th century (shift to neuter Old High German fasten from the 9th century, whence modern German Fasten).
The Old English noun originally had the sense "fortress, enclosure" and takes the religious sense only in late Old English, perhaps influenced by Old Norse fasta.
The use for reduced nutrition intake for medical reasons or for weight reduction develops by the mid-1970s, back-formed from the use of the verbal noun fasting in this sense (1960s).
词源 4
From Middle English faste, fasten, from Old English fæsten (“fast, fasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *fastuni, from Proto-Germanic *fastu(b)nją (“fast, fasting”). Cognate with Old Frisian festene, feste (Modern West Frisian fêsten, fêste), Middle Dutch vastene (Modern Dutch vasten), Middle Low German vastene (Modern German Low German Fasten), German Faste, Fasten (“fast, fasting”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌽𐌹 (fastubni, “fasting”). Possibly merged with Old Norse fasta (“fast, fasting”), whence also Danish faste (“fast, fasting”), Swedish fasta (“fast, fasting”).
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