gall

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ɡɔːl/|/ɡoːl/    美 /ɡoːl/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A sore on a horse caused by an ill-fitted or ill-adjusted saddle; a saddle sore. countable
    — Riding a horse with bruised or broken skin can cause a gall, which frequently results in the white saddle marks seen on the withers and backs of some horses.
  2. Impudence or brazenness; temerity; chutzpah. uncountable
    — “Durn ye!” he cried. “I’ll lam ye! Get offen here. I knows ye. Yer one o’ that gang o’ bums that come here last night, an’ now you got the gall to come back beggin’ for food, eh? I’ll lam ye!” and he raised the gun to his shoulder.
  3. A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).
    — Even so, Redi retained a belief that in certain other cases—the origin of parasites inside the human or animal body or of grubs inside of oak galls—there must be spontaneous generation. Bit by bit the evidence grew against such views. In 1670 Jan Swammerdam, painstaking student of the insect’s life cycle, suggested that the grubs in galls were enclosed in them for the sake of nourishment and must come from insects that had inserted their semen or their eggs into the plants.
  4. A gallbladder. archaic,countable
    — He shall flee from the iron weapon and the bow of steel shall strike him through. It is drawn and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall.
  5. A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister. countable
    — And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, / And remember putting plasters on the galls of his neck and ankles;
  6. A bump-like imperfection resembling a gall.
    — But first for your Line. First note, that you are to take care that your hair be round and clear, and free from galls, or scabs, or frets: for a well- chosen, even, clear, round hair, of a kind of glass-colour, will prove as strong as three uneven scabby hairs that are ill-chosen, and full of galls or unevenness. You shall seldom find a black hair but it is round, but many white are flat and uneven; therefore, if you get a lock of right, round, clear, glass-colour hair, make much of it.
  7. Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver. archaic,uncountable
  8. A feeling of exasperation. figuratively,uncountable
    — Thou ſhalt be leader of this thouſand horſe, Whoſe foming galle with rage and high diſdaine, Haue ſworne the death of wicked Tamburlaine.
  9. Great misery or physical suffering, likened to the bitterest-tasting of substances. figuratively,uncountable
    — Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood;
  10. A pit on a surface being cut caused by the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point. countable
动词 v.
  1. To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts in dyeing. transitive
    — Raw silk is not galled, it is dyed at once in the black without any preparation : the liquor should be hot
  2. To chafe, to rub or subject to friction; to create a sore on the skin. ergative
    — […] he went awkwardly in these clothes at first: wearing the drawers was very awkward to him, and the sleeves of the waistcoat galled his shoulders and the inside of his arms; but a little easing them where he complained they hurt him, and using himself to them, he took to them at length very well.
  3. To bother or trouble. figuratively,transitive
    — It is as lack of breath or bread: life hath no grief more galling.
  4. To harass, to harry, often with the intent to cause injury. figuratively,transitive
    — The disposition for these detachments is as follows – Morgans corps, to gain the enemy’s right flank; Maxwells brigade to hang on their left. Brigadier Genl. Scott is now marching with a very respectable detachment destined to gall the enemys left flank and rear.
  5. To exasperate. figuratively,transitive
    — Metrinko was hungry, but he was galled by how self-congratulatory his captors seemed, how generous and noble and proudly Islamic.
  6. To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point. transitive
    — Improper cooling and a dull milling cutter on titanium can gall the surface.
  7. To scoff; to jeer. intransitive,obsolete,rare
    — I have seen you gleeking and galling at this gentleman twice or thrice. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel

词形变化

galls plural galls plural galls present,singular,third-person galling participle,present galled participle,past galled past galls plural galls present,singular,third-person galling participle,present galled participle,past galled past

词汇关系

近义词
nutgall
衍生词
gall and wormwood gallbladder gall-less gallless gall-of-the-earth gallstone gally galsome oxgall scroll-gall vent one's gall navel gall water-gall begall galler Aleppo gall apple gall artichoke gall bedeguar gall beech gall cane gall Chinese gall cola-nut gall coral gall cranberry gall crown gall cup gall currant gall cypress gall elm gall filbert gall fungus gall gallapple gallbush gallflower gallfly gall gnat gallic gallicolous gallification gall midge gall mite gallnut gall-nut ink gall oak gall of glass gallogen gallsickness gall wasp goldenrod gall gouty gall horned oak gall iron-gall ink knee gall knopper gall leaf-gall marble gall meadowsweet rust gall mossy rose gall nutgall oak gall pineapple gall pithy gall plant gall pocket plum gall purpurogallin rams horn gall red pae gall rind gall root gall rose gall seed gall spurgall stem gall tomato gall trumpet gall Turkish gall twig gall vine gall willow gall windgall witch-hazel cone gall wound gall

词源

词源 1
From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.
The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine.
Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow and gold.
词源 2
From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”).
词源 3
From Middle English galle, from Old French galle, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”).
0 次浏览 数据来源: Wiktionary