prior

名词 n. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv.
中文释义
英 /ˈpɹaɪ.ə/    美 /ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/|/ˈpɹɑe.ə/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.
  2. A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.; In an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy; a prior claustral.
    — It is not yet an hundred yere a goe, ſince that ſame mayſter doctour was butler in the ſame houſe, whereof I was maiſter and praiour: […]
  3. A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.; In the rationalsphere: a belief supported by previous evidence or experience that one can use to make inferences about the future. broadly
    — During each of these touchpoints, I'm asking myself where and how my thesis on each holding could be wrong. I'm checking each data point as it comes in against my priors. I'm comparing management behavior to what I would be doing if I were in their shoes.
  4. A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.; The head of a priory (“a monastery which is usually a branch of an abbey”), or some other minor or smaller monastery; a prior conventual.
  5. A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's criminal record. Canada,US,in-plural
    — And a little later we get the routine report on his prints from Washington, and he's got a prior back in Indiana, attempted hold-up six years ago.
  6. A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.; The head friar of a house of friars.
  7. A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.; The head of the Arrouaisian, Augustinian, and formerly Premonstratensian religious orders.
  8. A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.; An honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals.
    — [I]t hath appertained to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York for the space of four hundred years or thereabouts to have spiritual jurisdiction over all your Grace's subjects dwelling within the provinces; […] in the meantime of vacation the same privilege resteth in the churches of Canterbury and York; and is executed by the prior, dean and chapter of the said churches; […]
  9. A chief magistrate of the Republic of Florence (1115–1569) in what is now Italy. historical
    — [F]irſt of all among themſelves of the ancienteſt they chuſe three heads or chiefs vvhich they call Priors; and alſo of the youngeſt among them they chuſe tvvo vvho perform the office of Secretaries. The Priors ſit dovvn, having before them a table upon vvhich are placed tvvo balloting boxes of that ſort that are uſed in the Great Council; in one of vvhich are put 40 balls, marked vvith a certain mark, that no deceit may be uſed. The reſt of the 41 ſit alſo dovvn, each vvhere he pleaſes. […] Then they are called one by one before the three Priors, and each one vvrites in his Schedule the name of him vvhom he vvould have to be Duke, and leaves it upon the table.
  10. The elected head of a guild of craftsmen or merchants in some countries in Europe and South America. historical
  11. A person who is the earliest or most prominent in a field; the chief. obsolete
  12. The head of a company. obsolete
形容词 adj.
  1. Coming before in order or time; earlier, former, previous. not-comparable
    — His prior residence was smaller than his current one.
  2. More important or significant. not-comparable
  3. Chiefly in prior probability: of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected. not-comparable
副词 adv.
  1. Chiefly followed by to: in advance, before, previously.
    — The doctor had known three months prior.

词形变化

more prior comparative most prior superlative priors plural priors plural priour alternative

词汇关系

衍生词
hyperprior priorable prior art priorate prior authorization prioristic prior knowledge priorly prior probability prior restraint prior to recognition of prior learning revise one's priors update one's priors alien prior Ditton Priors grand prior great prior Hurstbourne Priors Jeffreys prior prioracy prioral prior claustral prior conventual prioress priorship Salford Priors Shaugh Prior Stoke Prior subprior Swaffham Prior
相关词
a priori priority priory

词源

词源 1
The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin prior (“earlier, former, previous, prior; in front; (figurative) better, superior”), from Proto-Italic *priōs (“earlier, previous”, literally “more before”), ultimately from *pri (“before”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“leading to, toward”) and its etymon *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + *-jōs (suffix forming comparative adjectives). Doublet of before, fore, and former.
The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.
词源 2
From Middle English priour, prior (“head or deputy head of a monastery or other religious house; predecessor; superior”), from Old English prior, from Anglo-Norman priour, prior, priur, and Old French prior, priur (modern French prieur), and directly from their etymon Latin prior (“ancestor; predecessor”) (whence Late Latin prior (“superior of a religious house or order; abbot; deputy abbot; head of a guild”)), a noun use of prior (“former, previous, prior”, adjective): see etymology 1.
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