rat

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ɹæt/|/ɹat/    美 /ɹæt/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Any of the numerous members of several rodent families that usually have short limbs, a pointy snout, a long, hairless tail, and a body length greater than about 12 cm, or 5 inches.
  2. A ration. slang
    — With regards to the testing of his product, the initial blood analysis had come back confirming huge, distinctive nutritional superiority for Stewart's military ration pack. Given that the policy of the British Army is to be fully ready for war at the drop of a hat, he was sitting on the potential of supplying new rats for the entire army […]
  3. A scratch or a score. regional
  4. A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
    — Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.
  5. A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather. regional
  6. A person who is known for betrayal. informal
    — Near-synonyms: rouge, scoundrel, snake; see also Thesaurus:villain
  7. An informant or snitch. informal
  8. A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies. informal
  9. A person who routinely spends time at a particular location. slang
    — Our teenager has become a mall rat.
  10. A wad of shed hair used as part of a hairstyle.
  11. A roll of material used to puff out the hair, which is turned over it.
  12. Vagina, vulva. UK,slang,vulgar
    — Get your rat out.
  13. Ellipsis of muskrat. abbreviation,alt-of,ellipsis,informal
    — The price of rats began to rise and soon after the marsh froze over, spearing rats began, which was done with a one tine three-eighths inch steel rod, with a wooden handle […]
动词 v.
  1. To hunt or kill rats. usually
  2. To scratch or score. regional
    — He ratted a vertical line on his face with a pocket knife.
  3. To betray a political party, cause or principle; to betray someone, to desert a person or thing. intransitive
  4. To tear, rip, rend. obsolete,rare,regional
    — Ratted to shreds.
  5. To work as a scab, going against trade union policies. informal,intransitive
  6. Damn, drat, blast; used in oaths.
    — “But, rat me, sir,” cried Foster in bewilderment, “tis too generous—'pon honour it is. I can't consent to it. No, rat me, I can't.”
  7. To backcomb (hair). US
    — In 1962, the higher a girl's hair was ratted the more available she was, it was simply understood.
  8. To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. intransitive
    — He ratted on his coworker.

词形变化

rats plural rats present,singular,third-person ratting participle,present ratted participle,past ratted past rats plural rats present,singular,third-person ratting participle,present ratted participle,past ratted past rats plural

词汇关系

近义词
tell on to finger put the finger on bewray
衍生词
Alexandrine rat Ankole African mole-rat antirat armored rat Asian black rat bamboo rat bandicoot rat barracks rat big-headed rice rat biobreeding rat black rat blind mole-rat blind mole rat blind rat bograt bottle rat brass rat brig rat brown rat bulldog rat bunny rat bush rat camas rat cane rat chinchilla rat cloud rat clubrat coast rat common rat cotton rat Coues' rice rat crab-eating rat crack a rat crazier than a shithouse rat crazy as a shithouse rat crested rat dassie rat Demonrat derat deratize desert mole rat desert rat emperor rat fancy rat fanny rat field rat fish-eating rat floe rat flying rat frat rat German rat give a rat's ass grass rat greater cane rat great white rat gym rat gym-rat hangar rat Hanoverian rat Hanover rat hasbarat hill rat Himalayan field rat hoary bamboo rat hog-rat hood rat hoodrat house rat kangaroo rat kangaroo-rat K-rat kusu rat laboratory rat lab-rat lab rat Laotian rock rat large-headed rice rat Lewis rat like a drowned rat like a rat from a sinking ship like a rat up a drain like a rat up a drainpipe like rats from a sinking ship like rats in a sack link rat Long-Evans rat love rat Maclear's rat Malabar rat Malagasy rat mall rat maned rat Maori rat marsh rice rat millrat mole rat mole-rat moonrat moon rat mosaic-tailed rat mountain rat musk-rat muzrat Nairobi grass rat naked mole rat naked sand rat Namaqua rock rat Neotropical spiny rat New Guinean rat New World rat nonrat Norway rat Norwegian rat nutria rat Old World rat Pacific rat packrat pack-rat pack rat painted tree rat pig-rat Pine Rat plague rat Polynesian rat poor as a rat pouched rat rabbit rat rabbit-rat rat-arsed rat arsed ratbag rat-baiting rat-bastard rat bastard rat bastid rat belt rat bike rat-bite fever ratborne Ratboy rat cake ratcatcher ratcatching rat cheese rat chinchilla rat dog ratette ratface rat-fall rat fever ratfink rat fink rat-fink ratfish rat flood rat-folk ratfolk rat-friendly rat fucker ratfucker rat-fucker rat fuck ratfuck rat-fuck rat-goose rat guard rat hole rathole rathood rat house raticide rat in a granary rat kangaroo ratkind rat king ratless rat-licker ratlike ratline ratling rat lungworm ratly ratmageddon rat mole rat-mole ratness rat on rat out rat pack rat pit rat poison rat printing office ratproof rat racer rat-race rat race rat-ridden rat rod rat run rat runner ratsbane ratshit rat shot ratshot ratsicle ratskin rat snake rat's nest ratsona ratstripper rattail rat-tail rat-tailed maggot rat-tailed pit viper rat-tail file rat-tail radish rat-tail splice ratten ratter rat terrier rattery rat through rattish rat-trap cheese rat trap rat-trap rattrap ratty rat wall rat with wings ratwood RCS rat region rat rice rat ring rat rink rat ritten river rat rock rat roof rat Rowett nude rat royal rat rugrat rug rat sand rat sea rat Seram long-tailed mosaic-tailed rat sewer rat shack rat shaking rat Kawasaki ship rat sky rat smell a rat spiny rat stick-nest rat superrat super-rat swamp rat Tate's shrew rat torat tree rat trumpet-tailed rat tunnel rat viscacha rat vlei rat water-rat water rat welfare rat wererat western rat snake wharf rat white-bellied rat whitret winged rat winter rat woodrat wood rat Ziegler's water rat Zucker rat
相关词
mouse rodent

词源

词源 1
From Middle English raat, rat, ratt, ratte, rotte, from Old English ræt, rætt, from Proto-West Germanic *ratt, from Proto-Germanic *rattaz, *rattō (“rat”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”). However, the rat may have been unknown in Northern Europe in antiquity, and the Proto-Germanic word may have referred to a different animal; see *rattaz for more. Attestation of this family of words begins in the 12th century.
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian root (“rat”), Saterland Frisian Rotte (“rat”), West Frisian rôt (“rat”), Dutch rat, rot (“rat”), German Ratte (“rat”), Luxembourgish Rat (“rat”), Vilamovian rot, rott (“rat”), Yiddish ראַץ (rats, “rat”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rotte (“rat”), Faroese and Icelandic rotta (“rat”), Norwegian Nynorsk rotta, rotte, røtte (“rat”), Swedish råtta (“rat”), Latin rattus, ratus (“rat”) (whence Asturian ratu (“mouse”), Catalan rata (“rat”), French rat (“rat”), Italian ratto (“rat”), Portuguese rato (“rat”), Spanish rata (“rat”), rato (“male rat”)); also Latin rōdō (“to bite, gnaw, nibble; to backbite, disparage, slander”), Sanskrit रदति (radati, “to scrape, scratch; to cut path, pave; to lead river into a channel; to bestow, convey”).
Some of the Germanic cognates show considerable consonant variation, e.g. Middle Low German ratte, radde; Middle High German rate, ratte, ratze. The irregularity may be symptomatic of a late dispersal of the word, although Kroonen accounts for it with a Proto-Germanic stem *raþō nom., *ruttaz gen., showing both ablaut and a Kluge's law alternation, with the variation arising from varying remodellings in the descendants. Kroonen states that this requires a Proto-Indo-European etymon in final *t and is incompatible with the usual derivation from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).
词源 2
From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle Low German retten (“to tear, tear up”), Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.
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