sack

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /sæk/|/sak/    美 /sæk/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.
  2. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”). alt-of,alternative
  3. Dated form of sac (“pouch in a plant or animal”). alt-of,dated
    — Sometimes fishes are born that have rudimentary yolk sacks. Such young are born prematurely.
  4. A variety of light-colored dry wine from Spain or the Canary Islands; also, any strong white wine from southern Europe; sherry. countable,dated,uncountable
    — Wilt pleaſe your Lord drink a cup of ſacke? […] I am Christophero Sly, call not mee Honour nor Lordship: I ne're drank ſacke in my life: […]
  5. The amount a sack holds; also, an archaic or historical measure of varying capacity, depending on commodity type and according to local usage; an old English measure of weight, usually of wool, equal to 13 stone (182 pounds), or in other sources, 26 stone (364 pounds).
    — The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. — .
  6. The plunder and pillaging of a captured town or city. uncountable
    — the sack of Rome
  7. Loot or booty obtained by pillage. uncountable
  8. A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage.
  9. One of the square bases anchored at first base, second base, or third base.
    — He twisted his ankle sliding into the sack at second.
  10. Dismissal from employment, or discharge from a position. informal
    — give (someone) the sack
  11. Bed. US,colloquial,figuratively,literally
    — hit the sack
  12. A kind of loose-fitting gown or dress with sleeves which hangs from the shoulders, such as a gown with a Watteau back or sack-back, fashionable in the late 17th to 18th century; or, formerly, a loose-fitting hip-length jacket, cloak or cape. dated
    — Molly, therefore, having dressed herself out in this sack, with a new laced cap, and some other ornaments which Tom had given her, repairs to church with her fan in her hand the very next Sunday.
  13. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam. dated
  14. The scrotum. slang,vulgar
    — He got passed the ball, but it hit him in the sack.
  15. Any disposable bag.
动词 v.
  1. To put in a sack or sacks.
    — Help me sack the groceries.
  2. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”). alt-of,alternative
  3. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
  4. To plunder or pillage, especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.
    — The barbarians sacked Rome in 410 CE.
  5. To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, especially before he is able to throw a pass.
    — On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to sack Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.
  6. To discharge from a job or position; to fire. informal,transitive
    — He was sacked last September.
  7. To give up on, to abandon, delay, to not think about someone or something. Australia,slang,transitive
    — Sack the homework.

词形变化

sacks plural sacks present,singular,third-person sacking participle,present sacked participle,past sacked past sacks plural sacks plural sacks present,singular,third-person sacking participle,present sacked participle,past sacked past sacks plural

词汇关系

近义词
pink slip the boot the chop the elbow one's cards the old heave-ho rack
衍生词
back, crack and sack backsack ballsack ball sack ballsac barley sack bivouac sack bollock sack booksack carisack cat in the sack coalsack cock sack cocksack cornsack crapsack crocker sack daysack dicksack dressing sack dub sack dumb as a sack of bricks dumb as a sack of hammers dumber than a sack of bricks fart sack feedsack floursack get the sack give the sack go down like a sack of potatoes gripsack gunny sack gunnysack hacky sack hackysack Hacky-Sack hackeysack halter-sack happy sack hit the sack honey sack hopsack in the sack like rats in a sack loiter-sack mailsack minisack more sacks to the mill nap sack nutsack packsack possibles sack sack-back sack barrow sackcloth sack dress sack drill sackful sacking sack knot sacklike sackload sack lunch sackmaker sackmaking sack man sack of crap sack of flesh sack of shit sack o' shit sack race sack silo sack-tap sack time sack truck sack-whack sackwise sad sack Santa sack shitsack sick sack sleepsack sperm sack stuff sack supersack ten sack tent-sack toe sack towsack unsack woolsack Zdarsky tent-sack sackable sackage sackee sacker sack off sack out sack up
相关词
haversack knapsack rucksack sac sachet sack off sack up satchel

词源

词源 1
From Middle English sak, sek, sach, zech (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæċċ (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician or Hebrew.
Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Danish sæk, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk sekk, Faroese and Icelandic sekkur, Hebrew שַׂק (śaq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (saqqu), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. Doublet of sac, saccus, saco, and sakkos.
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
Sense evolution
* “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From Middle French sac, shortened from the phrase mettre à sac (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with Italian sacco (“plunder”), from Medieval Latin saccō (“pillage”). From Vulgar Latin saccare (“to plunder”), from saccus (“sack”). See also ransack. American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
* “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in French (on luy a donné son sac, 17c.) and Middle Dutch (iemand den zak geven). English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, to sack (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
* Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bags. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
* Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of ballsack.
词源 2
From earlier (wyne) seck from Middle French (vin (“wine”)) sec (“dry”), from Latin siccus (“dry”).
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