sap

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition. uncountable
  2. A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.
  3. A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack. US,countable,slang
    — I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.
  4. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree. uncountable
  5. Any juice. countable,uncountable
  6. Vitality. countable,figuratively,uncountable
    — In the preceding centuries the Ashkenazic Synagogue song had been Germanized to a degree that jeopardized not only its distinctive Jewishness but its very existence. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, the ever-renewed Oriental sap penetrated also into the song.
  7. A naive person; a simpleton. countable,slang
    — Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.
动词 v.
  1. To exhaust the vitality of. figuratively,transitive
    — Somewhat he knoweth of art magical, yet useth not that art; for it sappeth the life and strength, nor is it held worthy that a Demon should put trust in that art, but rather in his own might and main.
  2. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. transitive
    — Ring out the grief that saps the mind[…]
  3. To strike with a sap (with a blackjack). slang,transitive
    — [A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.
  4. To drain, suck or absorb sap from (a tree, etc.). transitive
  5. To gradually drain (someone's energy or vitality). transitive
    — to sap one’s conscience
  6. To pierce with saps. transitive
  7. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. transitive
    — Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, / Their houses fell upon their household gods.
  8. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.; To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. intransitive,transitive

词形变化

saps plural saps present,singular,third-person sapping participle,present sapped participle,past sapped past saps present,singular,third-person sapping participle,present sapped participle,past sapped past saps plural saps plural saps present,singular,third-person sapping participle,present sapped participle,past sapped past

词汇关系

衍生词
cell sap coconut sap crude sap elaborated sap milk-sap pine sap pinesap sap ball sapcicle sapfest sapful sap green saphead sapheaded sapless saplike sapling sap moon sap poison sappy sap rot sap shield sapskull sap stain sapstreak sapsucker sapsucking sap tube sapwood tree sap unsapped

词源

词源 1
From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.
sap (“naive person”) is a clipping of sapskull (literally “person with sap in their skull”).
词源 2
From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).
The sense evolution of from “subvert by digging” to “weaken” was influenced by the sense above “drain wood of sap” as trench warfare receded from public conscience.
词源 3
Probably from sapling.
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