shell

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ʃɛl/    美 /ʃɛl/|/ʃel/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A hard external covering of an animal.; The calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates.
    — In some mollusks, as the cuttlefish, the shell is concealed by the animal's outer mantle and is considered internal.
  2. A hard external covering of an animal.; Any mollusk having such a covering. broadly
  3. A hard external covering of an animal.; The exoskeleton or wing covers of certain insects.
  4. A hard external covering of an animal.; The conjoined scutes that constitute the "shell" (carapace) of a tortoise or turtle.
  5. A hard external covering of an animal.; The overlapping hard plates comprising the armor covering the armadillo's body.
  6. The hard calcareous covering of a bird egg.
  7. One of the outer layers of skin of an onion.
    — The restaurant served caramelized onion shells.
  8. The hard external covering of various plant seed forms.; The covering, or outside part, of a nut.
    — The black walnut and the hickory nut, both of the same Genus as the pecan, have much thicker and harder shells than the pecan.
  9. The hard external covering of various plant seed forms.; A pod containing the seeds of certain plants, such as the legume Phaseolus vulgaris.
  10. The hard external covering of various plant seed forms.; Husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is sometimes used as a substitute or adulterant for cocoa and its products such as chocolate. in-plural
  11. The accreted mineral formed around a hollow geode.
  12. The casing of a self-contained single-unit artillery projectile.
  13. A hollow, usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a siege mortar or a smoothbore cannon. It contains an explosive substance designed to be ignited by a fuse or by percussion at the target site so that it will burst and scatter at high velocity its contents and fragments. Formerly called a bomb.
  14. The cartridge of a breechloading firearm; a load; a bullet; a round.
  15. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.
  16. A garment, usually worn by women, such as a shirt, blouse, or top, with short sleeves or no sleeves, that often fastens in the rear.
  17. A coarse or flimsy coffin; a thin interior coffin enclosed within a more substantial one.
    — Upstairs in that chill darkened room which nobody passes who can help it , the old Baronet lies in his coffin shell - an awful form faintly defined beneath the sheet
  18. An unmarked vehicle for carrying corpses from a crime scene.
    — Then they lifted the body into the bag, setting it down like something breakable, zipped the bag, wrapped the whole thing in polythene and carried the stretcher into the shell.
  19. A string instrument, as a lyre, whose acoustical chamber is formed like a shell.
    — The first lyre may have been made by drawing strings over the underside of a tortoise shell.
  20. The body of a drum; the often wooden, often cylindrical acoustic chamber, with or without rims added for tuning and for attaching the drum head.
  21. An engraved copper roller used in print works.
  22. The thin coating of copper on an electrotype.
  23. The watertight outer covering of the hull of a vessel, often made with planking or metal plating.
  24. The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.
  25. A light boat whose frame is covered with thin wood, impermeable fabric, or water-proofed paper; a racing shell or dragon boat.
  26. A set of atomic orbitals that have the same principal quantum number.
  27. The outward form independent of what is inside. figuratively
  28. The empty outward form of someone or something. figuratively
    — The setback left him a mere shell; he was never the same again.
  29. An emaciated person.
    — He's lost so much weight from illness; he's a shell of his former self.
  30. A person otherwise diminished. figuratively
    — Since coming back from Vietnam, he's been a shell of his former self.
  31. A psychological barrier to social interaction.
    — Even after months of therapy he's still in his shell.
  32. An operating system software user interface, whose primary purpose is to launch other programs and control their interactions; the user's command interpreter. Shell is a way to separate the internal complexity of the implementation of the command from the user. The internals can change while the user experience/interface remains the same.
    — The name "Bash" is an acronym which stands for "Bourne-again shell", itself a pun on the name of the "Bourne shell", an earlier Unix shell designed by Stephen Bourne, and the Christian concept of being "born again".
  33. A legal entity that has no operations.
    — A shell corporation was formed to acquire the old factory.
  34. A concave rough cast-iron tool in which a convex lens is ground to shape.
  35. A gouge bit or shell bit.
  36. The onset and coda of a syllable.
  37. A person's ear. UK,slang
    — Can I have a quick word in your shell?
  38. One or more school grades within secondary education, at certain public schools. UK
    — Chinese (Mandarin) is taught at Westminster from the Lower Shell as an optional subject.
  39. In formal debating, a set of proposed rules to be followed, with set penalties for violating them.
    — a theory shell
动词 v.
  1. To remove the outer covering or shell of something.
  2. To bombard, to fire projectiles at, especially with artillery.
    — The guns shelled the enemy trenches.
  3. To disburse or give up money, to pay. (Often used with out). informal
  4. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc. intransitive
  5. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk. intransitive
    — Nuts shell in falling.
  6. To switch to a shell or command line. intransitive
    — Automenu is a good program to try, and offers a fair amount of protection - but, unfortunately, it's one of those systems that allow users to shell to DOS.
  7. To form shallow, irregular cracks (in a coating).
  8. To form a shelling.
  9. To drop (the ball). slang,transitive
    — He shelled it, and dislocated his finger in the process.

词形变化

shells plural shells present,singular,third-person shelling participle,present shelled participle,past shelled past

词汇关系

衍生词
acorn-shell admiral shell aeroshell ark shell backshell back shell bag of shell bandshell blind shell boat shell bodyshell body shell bombshell breast shell bubble shell Camino de Santiago shell Camino pilgrim shell camper shell carpet shell carrier shell chicken shell clamshell clean shell clubshell cockleshell coconut shell come out of one’s shell cone shell crabshell date shell dead-in-shell deshell dove shell Dyson shell ear shell eggshell electron shell enshell file shell fountain shell go into one's shell half shell hardshell hard-shell clam harp shell headshell helmet shell inshell intershell jingle shell kidneyshell lamp shell land shell lentil shell margin shell mask shell mason shell microshell mitre shell multishell music shell Musselshell nanoshell needle shell nonshell nutshell obtuse horn shell olive shell otter shell oystershell pansy shell papershell patty shell pearl shell pen shell pilgrim shell pilgrim's shell porcelain shell porphyry shell pulley shell razor shell reverse shell rice shell rosary shell sandwich shell Santiago shell scallop shell scimitar shell scorpion shell seashell segment shell shellac shellback shellbag shellbark shell bean shell bed shellburst shell casing shellcode shell company shell corporation shellcracker shellfire shellfish shellfisherman shellflower shellful shell game shell ginger shell gravel Shell Haven shellheap shell hunger shell ice shellie shell jacket shell-lac Shell Lake shell-less shellless shell-like shell lime shell marl shell moulding shell nail syndrome shell-pad shellpad shell parakeet shell parrot shell pink shellproof Shell Ridge shell road shell sac shell sand shell script shell shock shell shoveling shell star shell steak shell suit shelltoe shelltoed shelltoes shellular shellwork shellworker shellworking shelly Shelly Beach shotshell shuck slitshell slit-shell snailshell soft-shell softshell soft-shell crab soft-shell turtle spider shell spur-shell star shell subshell sunset shell supershell tongue-shell tooth shell topshell top shell tortoise shell bracket tortoiseshell tortoise shell tracer shell trough-shell trough shell trumpet shell tulip shell turban shell turnip shell turtleshell tusk shell undershell unshell valence shell waxy screw shell web shell wedge shell wing-shell worm-shell worm shell like shelling peas shellable sheller shell out
部分词
mantle carene

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH-
Proto-Indo-European *skolH-yeh₂
Proto-Germanic *skaljō
Proto-West Germanic *skallju
Old English sċiell
Middle English schelle
English shell
From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċel, sċell, sċiell, sċil, sċill, sċyl, sċyll, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō (“shell; husk; rind; peel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut; to separate, split”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch schil (“bark, rind, skin; crust; shell; slice”), Danish skæl (“scale; dandruff”), Faroese and Icelandic skel (“shell”), Norwegian Bokmål skjell (“shell; scale”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjel (“shell; bivalve; scale; carapace”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (skalja, “brick, tile”), French écaille (“scale; shell”), Friulian scae (“scale”), Italian scaglia (“scale; flake, sliver; splinter”); also Breton killi (“grove”), Cornish kelli (“grove”), Irish coill (“forest, wood”), Manx keyll (“forest, wood; grove, plantation”), Scottish Gaelic coille (“forest”), Welsh celli (“grove”), Latin scalpō (“to scratch; to carve”), Ancient Greek σκᾰ́λλω (skắllō, “to hoe, stir up”), Albanian çel (“to open up; to sprout; to hatch up; to rise”), Lithuanian skelti (“to crack, split”), Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian скала́ (skalá, “cliff, rock”), Czech skála (“rock”), Polish skała, skáła, szkała (“rock”), Slovak and Slovene skala (“rock”), Ukrainian скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja, “cliff, rock”), Armenian քաղել (kʻaġel, “to pick; to gather; to mow”), Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to order; to manage; to perform; to create; to cut”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.
词源 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH-
Proto-Indo-European *skolH-yeh₂
Proto-Germanic *skaljō
Proto-West Germanic *skallju
Old English sċiell
Middle English schelle
English shell
From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċel, sċell, sċiell, sċil, sċill, sċyl, sċyll, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō (“shell; husk; rind; peel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut; to separate, split”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch schil (“bark, rind, skin; crust; shell; slice”), Danish skæl (“scale; dandruff”), Faroese and Icelandic skel (“shell”), Norwegian Bokmål skjell (“shell; scale”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjel (“shell; bivalve; scale; carapace”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (skalja, “brick, tile”), French écaille (“scale; shell”), Friulian scae (“scale”), Italian scaglia (“scale; flake, sliver; splinter”); also Breton killi (“grove”), Cornish kelli (“grove”), Irish coill (“forest, wood”), Manx keyll (“forest, wood; grove, plantation”), Scottish Gaelic coille (“forest”), Welsh celli (“grove”), Latin scalpō (“to scratch; to carve”), Ancient Greek σκᾰ́λλω (skắllō, “to hoe, stir up”), Albanian çel (“to open up; to sprout; to hatch up; to rise”), Lithuanian skelti (“to crack, split”), Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian скала́ (skalá, “cliff, rock”), Czech skála (“rock”), Polish skała, skáła, szkała (“rock”), Slovak and Slovene skala (“rock”), Ukrainian скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja, “cliff, rock”), Armenian քաղել (kʻaġel, “to pick; to gather; to mow”), Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to order; to manage; to perform; to create; to cut”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.
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