absent

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 介词 prep.
中文释义
英 /ˈæb.sn̩t/    美 /ˈæb.sn̩t/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Something absent, especially absent people collectively; those who were or are not there. with-definite-article
    — The Applause he met with exceeds all belief of the Absent.
  2. An absentee; a person who is not there. Scotland,obsolete
动词 v.
  1. To keep (oneself) away. reflexive
    — Most of the men are retired, jobless, or have otherwise temporarily absented themselves from the workplace.
  2. To keep (someone) away. archaic,transitive
    — Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more;
  3. Stay away; withdraw. intransitive,obsolete
    — The iron rule of the plantation, always passionately and violently enforced in that neighborhood, makes flogging the penalty of failing to be in the field before sunrise in the morning, unless special permission be given to the absenting slave.
  4. Leave. rare,transitive
  5. To omit. rare,transitive
    — When we realize that the digitalisation of the image involves - by reducing and even absenting - the role of 'the physical', the 'sensuous' (by reducing and eventually absenting the indexical aspects of the image) […]
形容词 adj.
  1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; existing but not present; (sometimes) missing. not-comparable
    — Owing to his own illness and then his family's, Ramzi has often been absent from class this month. We will help him catch up with his studies.
  2. Not existing. not-comparable
    — The body part was rudimentary or absent in 1% of specimens.
  3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. comparable
    — Tom was there, but he seemed absent and withdrawn. Normally he is quite present [= engaged] during a meeting.
介词 prep.
  1. In the absence of; without; except.
    — Absent taxes modern governments cannot function.

词形变化

absenter comparative absentest superlative abs. alternative absents plural abs. alternative abs. alternative absents present,singular,third-person absenting participle,present absented participle,past absented past abs. alternative

词汇关系

衍生词
absentation absentative absently absentment absentness absent over leave absent referent absent treatment absent voter absent without leave nonabsent omniabsent reabsent
相关词
absence absentee absenteeism absentia in absentia

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Latin abder.
Latin ab-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt
Proto-Italic *ezom~*som
Old Latin 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌 (esom)
Old Latin esum
Latin sum
Latin absum
Latin absēnsder.
Old French ausentder.
Middle French absentbor.
▲
Latin absēnsbor.
Middle English absent
English absent
From Middle English absent, from Middle French absent, from Old French ausent, and their source, Latin absens, present participle of absum (“to be away from”), from ab (“away”) + sum (“to be”).
词源 2
From Middle English absenten, from Old French absenter, from Late Latin absentāre (“keep away, be away”).
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