burn

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /bɜːn/    美 /bɝn/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals. countable,uncountable
    — She had second-degree burns from falling in the bonfire.
  2. A large stream. Northern-England,Scotland
    — This darksome burn, horseback brown, / His rollrock highroad roaring down, / In coop and in comb the fleece of his foam / Flutes and low to the lake falls home.
  3. A sensation resembling such an injury. countable,uncountable
    — chili burn from eating hot peppers
  4. The act of burning something with fire. countable,uncountable
    — They’re doing a controlled burn of the fields.
  5. An intense non-physical sting, as left by shame or an effective insult. countable,slang,uncountable
  6. An effective insult, often in the expression sick burn (excellent or badass insult). countable,slang,uncountable
  7. Physical sensation in the muscles following strenuous exercise, caused by build-up of lactic acid. countable,uncountable
    — One and, two and, keep moving; feel the burn!
  8. Tobacco. UK,slang,uncountable
    — TOM: I’m serious bruv. Put my burn and lighter and all that in my jeans please and give them here, then press the cell bell.
  9. The writing of data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip. countable,uncountable
    — Allow additional burns enables you to create a multisession CD, which can be used again to write more data.
  10. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking. countable,uncountable
    — They have a good burn.
  11. A disease in vegetables; brand. uncountable
  12. The firing of a spacecraft's rockets in order to change its course. countable,uncountable
    — On 4 March 1999, the MCO performed its second course correction manoeuvre with a burn involving its four thrusters […]
动词 v.
  1. To cause to be consumed by fire. transitive
    — He burned his manuscript in the fireplace.
  2. To be consumed by fire, or in flames. intransitive
    — He watched the house burn.
  3. To overheat so as to make unusable. transitive
    — He burned the toast.    The blacksmith burned the steel.
  4. To become overheated to the point of being unusable. intransitive
    — The grill was too hot and the steak burned.
  5. To make or produce by the application of fire or burning heat. transitive
    — to burn a hole;    to burn letters into a block
  6. To give off light; to be lit up. intransitive
    — I knew that if a light was burning I should be able to see the window lit up from the yard at the back, although the gas itself would be out of sight.
  7. To injure (a person or animal) with heat or chemicals that produce similar damage. transitive
    — She burned the child with an iron, and was jailed for ten years.
  8. To cauterize. transitive
  9. To sunburn. ambitransitive
    — She forgot to put on sunscreen and burned.
  10. To consume, damage, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does. transitive
    — to burn the mouth with pepper
  11. To be hot, e.g. due to embarrassment. intransitive
    — The child’s forehead was burning with fever.  Her cheeks burned with shame.
  12. To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize. transitive
    — to burn iron in oxygen
  13. To combine energetically, with evolution of heat. dated
    — Copper burns in chlorine.
  14. To write data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip. transitive
    — We’ll burn this program onto an EEPROM one hour before the demo begins.
  15. To render subtitles into a video's content while transcoding it, making the subtitles part of the image (hardsubs). broadly,transitive
    — My old DVD player could play DivX files but didn't recognize the subtitle file, so I had to burn them in.
  16. To betray. slang,transitive
    — The informant burned him.
  17. To insult or defeat. slang,transitive
    — I just burned you again.
  18. To waste (time); to waste money or other resources. transitive
    — We have an hour to burn.
  19. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought.
    — You’re cold… warm… hot… you’re burning!
  20. To accidentally touch a moving stone. intransitive
  21. In pontoon, to swap a pair of cards for another pair, or to deal a dead card. transitive
  22. To make an area of an image darker (when processing photographs in a darkroom, this is accomplished by increasing the exposure of that area to light).
  23. To be converted to another element in a nuclear fusion reaction, especially in a star. intransitive
  24. To discard. intransitive,slang
  25. To shoot someone with a firearm. slang,transitive
  26. To compromise (an agent's cover story). transitive
    — He had already burned his cover with Mrs. Phillips, and it was not a mistake he intended to make again.
  27. To blackmail. transitive
    — "How does Leipzig burn him precisely?" Enderby insisted. "What's the pressure? Dirty pix—well, okay. Karla's a puritan, so's Kirov. But I mean, Christ, this isn't the fifties, is it? […]
  28. To desire or ache for (something); to focus on attaining (something). US,intransitive,slang

词形变化

burns plural born alternative,Northumbria burns present,singular,third-person burning participle,present burned participle,past burned past burnt Commonwealth,participle,past burnt Commonwealth,past brent obsolete,participle,past brent obsolete,past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template burn infinitive burn first-person,present,singular burned first-person,past,singular burnt first-person,past,singular burn present,second-person,singular burnest archaic,present,second-person,singular burned past,second-person,singular burnt past,second-person,singular burnedst archaic,past,second-person,singular burntest archaic,past,second-person,singular burns present,singular,third-person burneth archaic,present,singular,third-person burned past,singular,third-person burnt past,singular,third-person burn plural,present burned past,plural burnt past,plural burn present,subjunctive burned past,subjunctive burnt past,subjunctive burn imperative,present - imperative,past burning participle,present burned participle,past burnt participle,past born alternative,Northumbria burns plural born alternative,Northumbria

词汇关系

近义词
burn combust forburn go up outburn torch
上位词
happen worsen
下位词
blaze up burn to a crisp burn away burn down burn off burn up cinder deflagrate incinerate flare up flicker singe smolder smother sweal
相关词
brimstone combust kindle

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrénuh₁e-?
Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
Proto-West Germanic *brinnan
Old English biernan
▲
Proto-Germanic *brinnaną
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Germanic *-janą
Proto-Germanic *brannijaną
Proto-West Germanic *brannijan
Old English bærnan
Old Norse brennabor.
Middle English brennen
English burn
From Late Middle English burne, birne, which arose via the metathesis of brinne, brynne, a variant of brennen. The East Midland forms were heavily influenced by Old Norse brinna, brenna (“to burn”), from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
The late metathesis of East Midland brin- to birn- (and subsequently burn-) parallels the phonological development of bird and dirt from brid and drit. As this metathesized form became the Chancery Standard, it completely displaced the semantic functions and weak conjugation paradigm of the native Old English bærnan (weak), alongside the surviving remnants of byrnan (strong).
Cognate with Cimbrian prönnan (“to burn”), Dutch barnen, branden (“to burn”), German brinnen (“to burn”), Luxembourgish brennen (“to burn”), Vilamovian brīn (“to burn”), Yiddish ברענען (brenen, “to burn”), Danish brænde (“to burn”), Faroese, Icelandic brenna (“to burn”), Norwegian Bokmål brenne (“to burn”), Norwegian Nynorsk brenna, brenne (“to burn”), Swedish brinna (“to burn”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan, “to burn”). See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.
词源 2
From Northern Middle English burn, from Old English burne, burna (“spring, fountain”), Proto-West Germanic *brunnō, from Proto-Germanic *brunnô, *brunō.
Cognate with Scots burn (“stream”), Cimbrian, Mòcheno prunn (“well, spring”), Dutch bron (“well”), German Bronnen, Brun, Brunnen (“well”), Luxembourgish Buer, Bur (“well”), Yiddish ברונעם (brunem, “well”), Danish brønd (“well”), Faroese brunnur, bruður (“well”), Icelandic brunnur (“well”), Norwegian Bokmål, Scanian brønn (“well”), Norwegian Nynorsk brunn, brønn (“well”), Swedish brunn (“well”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (brunna, “source, wellspring”), Crimean Gothic brunna (“spring, fountain, source”). Also Albanian burim (“spring, fountain”), Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar, “well, reservoir”), Old Armenian աղբիւր (ałbiwr, “fount”). Doublet of bourn. More at brew.
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