down

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv. 介词 prep.
中文释义
英 /ˈdaʊ̯n/    美 /ˈdaʊ̯n/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A negative aspect; a downer, a downside.
    — I love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off.
  2. A hill; in England, especially a chalk hill. Australia,Southern-England,also,countable,especially
    — We went for a walk over the downs.
  3. Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets. countable,uncountable
  4. The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle. countable,uncountable
    — Down or Cotton-Thiſtle. This hath many large Leaves lying on the Ground, ſomewhat cut in, and as it were crumpled on the Edges, of a green Colour on the upper ſide, but covered with long hairy Wool or Cottony Down, ſet with moſt ſharp and cruel pricks
  5. A field, especially one used for horse racing. countable,plural-normally,uncountable
  6. A grudge (on someone). dated
    — She had a down on me. I don't know what for, I'm sure; because I never said a word.
  7. The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear. countable,uncountable
    — But love him as he was, when youthful Grace, And the firſt Down began to ſhade his face
  8. A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep. UK,countable,in-plural,uncountable
    — Seven thousand broad-taild Sheepe gras'd on his Downes;
  9. A downer, depressant.
    — I am on drugs that I don't need to be on. They feel if I'm on a lot of downs, then I won't complain about my prison life
  10. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down. countable,uncountable
    — Thou boſom Softneſs! Down of all my Cares! I cou'd recline my thoughts upon this Breaſt To a forgetfulneſs of all my Griefs, And yet be happy: but it wonnot be.
  11. An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
  12. A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.
    — I bet after the third down, the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field.
  13. A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
    — I haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs.
  14. The shift or period of time during which a dealer manages a given table before rotating to the next table at a casino or cardroom, which is often 30 minutes.
  15. A downstairs room of a two-story house.
    — She lives in a two-up two-down.
  16. Down payment.
  17. The lightest quark with a charge number of −¹⁄₃.
动词 v.
  1. To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down. transitive
    — What pain to quit the world, just made their own, Their nest so deeply downed, and built so high !
  2. To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. transitive
    — The storm downed several old trees along the highway.
  3. To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell.; Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.). transitive
    — The helicopter was downed by a surface-to-air missile.
  4. To lower; to put (something) down. transitive
    — The bell rang for lunch, and the workers downed their tools.
  5. To defeat; to overpower. figuratively,transitive
    — To down proud hearts that would not willing die.
  6. To disparage; to put down. colloquial,transitive
    — ‘I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the Wits, once at our House, – when they talked of Ghosts.’
  7. To go or come down; to descend. intransitive,obsolete,rare
    — ...that is, that the trade of the world is too little for us two, therefore one must down.
  8. To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty. colloquial,transitive
    — He downed an ale and ordered another.
  9. To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession. Canadian,transitive
    — He downed it at the seven-yard line.
  10. To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket. transitive
    — He downed two balls on the break.
形容词 adj.
  1. Facing downwards.
    — Turn the cloth over so that the patterned side is down.
  2. At a lower level than before.
    — The stock market is down.
  3. Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low. informal
    — Mary seems very down since she split up with her boyfriend.
  4. Sick, wounded, or damaged:; Sick or ill.
    — He is down with the flu.
  5. Sick, wounded, or damaged:; Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed. not-comparable,slang
    — We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.
  6. Sick, wounded, or damaged:; Stranded in a recumbent position; unable to stand.
    — a down cow
  7. Sick, wounded, or damaged:; Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly. not-comparable,slang
    — We have a chopper down near the river.
  8. Sick, wounded, or damaged:; Inoperable; out of order; out of service. not-comparable
    — The system is down.
  9. In prison. slang
    — I'm a TS who has been down for over 5 years and will be going up for parole in the next 1 to 3 years.
  10. Having a lower score than an opponent.
    — They are down by 3–0 with just 5 minutes to play.
  11. Out. colloquial
    — Two down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth.
  12. Negative about; hostile to. colloquial
    — She's been down on clams since a bad case of food poisoning; she's lost her appetite for them.
  13. Comfortable [with]; accepting [of]; okay [with]. Canada,US,slang
    — Near-synonyms: feel like, would like, fancy
  14. Accepted, respected, or loyally participating in the (thug) community. slang
    — What you mean, 'No'? Man, I thought you was down.
  15. Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
    — Two down and three to go.
  16. Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)
    — It's two weeks until opening night and our lines are still not down yet.
  17. Downright; absolute; positive. obsolete
    — This, he muſt give me leave to tell him, is an abſolute, right down—falſehood.
  18. Fallen or felled.
    — Left again at 1.05 p.m., and for two miles it was over rolling county with easy grades, but a good deal of down timber.
  19. Travelling in the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
    — The down train leaves at 10:05.
副词 adv.
  1. From a higher position to a lower one; downwards. comparable,not-comparable,usually
    — The cat jumped down from the table.
  2. To or towards what is considered the bottom of something, irrespective of whether this is presently physically lower. not-comparable,usually
    — Go down to the bottom of the page.
  3. At a lower or further place or position along a set path. comparable,not-comparable,usually
    — His place is farther down the road.
  4. To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps). not-comparable,usually
    — I went down to Miami for a conference.
  5. Away from the city (regardless of direction). not-comparable,usually
    — He went down to Cavan.
  6. At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change. not-comparable,usually
    — She lives down by the park.
  7. Forward, straight ahead. not-comparable,usually
    — At the first intersection turn left and walk down, then turn right.
  8. In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero. not-comparable,usually
  9. Away from Oxford or Cambridge. UK,dated,not-comparable,usually
    — He's gone back down to Newcastle for Christmas.
  10. To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank. not-comparable,usually
    — Smith was sent down to the minors to work on his batting.
  11. Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports). not-comparable,usually
    — The charity match, played Sunday afternoon at Cirencester Park Polo Club in Gloucestershire, reached a dramatic climax when Prince Harry tore down the pitch but failed to score what was described as an “open goal”.
  12. So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity. not-comparable,usually
    — You need to tone down the rhetoric.
  13. So as to reduce size, weight or volume. not-comparable,usually
    — Trim the stick down to a length of about twelve inches.
  14. From less to greater detail. not-comparable,usually
    — This spreadsheet lets you drill down to daily or even hourly sales figures.
  15. From a remoter or higher antiquity. not-comparable,usually
    — These traditions have been handed down over generations.
  16. Into a state of non-operation. not-comparable,usually
    — The computer has been shut down.
  17. So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface. not-comparable,usually
    — We need to nail down this carpet so people don't keep tripping over it.
  18. On paper (or in a durable record). not-comparable,usually
    — You need to write down what happened while it's still fresh in your mind.
  19. So as to be cowed into silence. not-comparable,usually
    — The speaker was heckled and shouted down.
  20. As a down payment. not-comparable,usually
    — We put £100 down on a new sofa.
  21. In a downwards direction; vertically. not-comparable,usually
    — I'm stuck on 11 down.
  22. Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration. not-comparable,usually
    — He closed operations. / He closed down operations.
  23. Get down. imperative,not-comparable,usually
    — Down, boy! (such as to direct a dog to stand on four legs from two, or to sit from standing on four legs.)
介词 prep.
  1. From the higher end to the lower of.
    — The ball rolled down the hill.
  2. From north to south of.
    — We sailed down the eastern seaboard.
  3. Towards the mouth of (a river); in the direction of flow of.
    — In this game we float sticks down the river.
  4. From one end to another of (in any direction); along.
    — The bus went down the street.
  5. At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference). Ireland,UK
    — I'll see you later down the pub.
  6. To (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference). Ireland,UK
    — I'm going down the shops.

词形变化

further down comparative farther down comparative furthest down superlative farthest down superlative doon alternative,Northumbria doon alternative,Northumbria more down comparative most down superlative doon alternative,Northumbria downs present,singular,third-person downing participle,present downed participle,past downed past doon alternative,Northumbria downs plural doon alternative,Northumbria downs plural doon alternative,Northumbria downs plural doon alternative,Northumbria downs present,singular,third-person downing participle,present downed participle,past downed past doon alternative,Northumbria

词汇关系

反义词
up across back backwards rearwards
衍生词
down bad down but not out downtime double down down tools triple down Abingdon Downs Alton Downs Ashley Down Barwon Downs Bedminster Down Bridgeman Downs Bulloo Downs Carnon Downs Carrum Downs Christie Downs Clifton Down Crawley Down Darling Downs downland Downside Dundee Downs Durham Downs Dutson Downs East Down Elizabeth Downs Emery Down Emu Downs Epsom Downs Frome Downs Hackney Downs Juna Downs Karana Downs Keilor Downs Kiama Downs Mantuan Downs May Downs Millmerran Downs Minnie Downs Mulga Downs Munno Para Downs Murray Downs Murrumba Downs Noarlunga Downs North Downs Perham Down Quintrell Downs Regency Downs Roxby Downs Salisbury Downs Seaview Downs Sippy Downs South Downs Southern Downs St Boniface Down Surrey Downs Telopea Downs Tyrrell Downs Wembley Downs Werrington Downs West Down Western Downs Weyba Downs Windsor Downs down feather down jacket powder-down feather powder-down patch

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Old English of-
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz?
Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós?
Proto-Celtic *dūnomder.?
Proto-West Germanic *dūnā
Old English dūne
Old English ofdūne
Old English adūne
Old English dūne
Middle English doun
English down
From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”).
词源 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz?
Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós?
Proto-Celtic *dūnomder.?
Proto-West Germanic *dūnā
Old English dūn
Middle English doune
English down
From Middle English doune, from Old English dūn, from Proto-West Germanic *dūn (“sandhill, dune”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz, *dūnǭ (“pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze, dust”).
Alternatively, perhaps borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“city, fort, stronghold”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”).
Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune. Doublet of Down.
词源 3
Etymology tree
Old English of-
Proto-Germanic *dūnaz?
Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós?
Proto-Celtic *dūnomder.?
Proto-West Germanic *dūnā
Old English dūne
Old English ofdūne
Old English adūne
Old English dūne
Middle English doun
English down
From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”).
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