downcast

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj.
中文释义
英 /ˈdaʊnkɑːst/|/-kæst/    美 /ˈdaʊnˌkæst/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Synonym of downthrow (“a depression of the strata on one side of a fault; also, the degree of downward displacement in such a fault”). obsolete
    — a downcast dyke
  2. An act of looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty; hence (uncountable, archaic), dejection, melancholy. countable
    — [C]ome lets be ſad my girles, / That dovvne caſt of thine eye Olimpias, / Shovves a faind ſorrovv; […]
  3. An act, or the situation, of being cast or thrown to the ground. archaic,countable,uncountable
  4. A defeat, an overthrow; also, an act of destruction or ruin. archaic,countable,figuratively,uncountable
  5. A cast (“change of expression of a data type”) from supertype to subtype. countable
  6. A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine. attributive,countable
动词 v.
  1. To turn (the eyes) downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty. transitive
  2. To cast or throw (something) downwards; also, to drop or lower (something). transitive
    — For there shall come a mightier blast, / There shall be a darker day; / And the stars, from heaven down-cast, / Like red leaves be swept away!
  3. To demolish or tear down (a building, etc.). transitive
  4. To make (someone) feel despondent or discouraged; to discourage, to sadden. figuratively,transitive
  5. To cast (“change the expression of”) (a data type) from supertype to subtype. transitive
  6. To reproach or upbraid (someone); also, to taunt (someone). Scotland,transitive
  7. To depose or overthrow (a leader, an institution, etc.); also (sometimes reflexive), to bring down (oneself or someone) from an exalted position; to humble. obsolete,transitive
形容词 adj.
  1. Of the eyes, a facial expression, etc.: looking downwards, usually as a sign of discouragement, sadness, etc., or sometimes modesty.
    — Briefly then heere Dido, with downe caſt phiſnomie, parled.
  2. Of a person or thing: cast or thrown to the ground.
    — VVhere liues all vvoe? conduct him to vs three, / The dovvne-caſt ruines of calamitie.
  3. Of a thing: directed downwards.
  4. Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged. figuratively
    — His fine and lovely eyes were now lighted up with indignation, now subdued to downcast sorrow and quenched in infinite wretchedness.
  5. Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined. figuratively

词形变化

more downcast comparative most downcast superlative downcasts plural downcasts plural downcasts present,singular,third-person downcasting participle,present downcast participle,past downcast past downcasted common,error-unknown-tag,participle,past,proscribed downcasted common,error-unknown-tag,past,proscribed,sometimes

词汇关系

衍生词
downcastly downcastness downcasting
相关词
cast down

词源

词源 1
The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
词源 2
From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).
词源 3
From Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“to cast or throw (something) downwards; to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”): see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“to throw”, verb).
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