rake

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ɹeɪk/    美 /ɹeɪk/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.
    — Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. […] Ikey the blacksmith had forged us a spearhead after a sketch from a picture of a Greek warrior; and a rake-handle served as a shaft.
  2. A person (usually a man) who is stylish but habituated to hedonistic and immoral conduct.
    — We have now and then rakes in the habit of Roman senators, and grave politicians in the dress of rakes. The misfortune of the thing is, that people dress themselves in what they have a mind to be, and not what they are fit for.
  3. A divergence from the horizontal or perpendicular; a slant, a slope.
  4. Rate of progress; pace, speed. Scotland
  5. A course, a path, especially a narrow and steep path or route up a hillside. Northern-England,also,figuratively
  6. The act of raking.
  7. A similarly shaped tool used for other purposes.; A tool with a straight edge at the end used by a croupier to move chips or money across a gaming table. broadly
  8. In full, angle of rake or rake angle: the angle between the edge or face of a tool (especially a cutting tool) and a plane (usually one perpendicular to the object that the tool is being applied to). specifically
  9. A fissure or mineral vein of ore traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so.
  10. Something that is raked.; A share of profits, takings, etc., especially if obtained illegally; specifically (gambling) the scaled commission fee taken by a cardroom operating a poker game.
  11. A similarly shaped tool used for other purposes.; A type of lockpick that has a ridged or notched blade that moves across the pins in a pin tumbler lock, causing them to settle into a shear line. broadly
  12. Something that is raked.; A lot, plenty. Ireland,Scotland,slang
    — Jim has had a rake of trouble with his new car.
  13. The direction of slip during the movement of a fault, measured within the fault plane.
  14. A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons. Scotland,UK
    — The train was formed of a locomotive and a rake of six coaches.
  15. Senses relating to watercraft.; A slant that causes the bow or stern of a watercraft to extend beyond the keel; also, the upper part of the bow or stern that extends beyond the keel.
  16. A type of puffer train that leaves behind a stream of spaceships as it moves.
    — I've been dealing primarily with rake and spaceship interactions for ease of experimentation (a rake will invariably escape before being eaten by even its most hellish progeny, and a spaceship is easy to redraw on the spot).
  17. Alternative spelling of raik (“a course, a way; pastureland over which animals graze; a journey to transport something between two places; a run; also, the quantity of items so transported”). Midlands,Northern-England,alt-of,alternative
  18. Senses relating to watercraft.; A slant of some other part of a watercraft (such as a funnel or mast) away from the perpendicular, usually towards the stern.
  19. The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.
动词 v.
  1. To behave as a rake; to lead a hedonistic and immoral life. dated,intransitive,rare
    — When women hid their necks , and veil'd their faces , Nor romp'd , nor raked , nor stared at public places
  2. Alternative spelling of raik (“(intransitive, Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) to walk; to roam, to wander; of animals (especially sheep): to graze; (transitive, chiefly Scotland) to roam or wander through (somewhere)”) alt-of,alternative
  3. To move swiftly; to proceed rapidly. Midlands,Northern-England,Scotland,intransitive
  4. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.
    — She is raking the gravel path to keep it even.
  5. To incline (something) from a perpendicular direction. ambitransitive
    — A mast rakes aft.
  6. Of a bird of prey: to fly after a quarry; also, to fly away from the falconer, to go wide of the quarry being pursued. intransitive
  7. Senses relating to watercraft.; To provide (the bow or stern of a watercraft) with a rake (“a slant that causes it to extend beyond the keel”). transitive
  8. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; Often followed by in: to gather (things which are apart) together, especially quickly. also,figuratively,transitive
    — The casino is just raking in the cash; it’s like a licence to print money.
  9. Senses relating to watercraft.; Of a watercraft: to have a rake at its bow or stern. intransitive,rare
  10. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; Often followed by an adverb or preposition such as away, off, out, etc.: to drag or pull in a certain direction. transitive
  11. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To claw at; to scrape, to scratch; followed by away: to erase, to obliterate. ambitransitive,figuratively
    — The cat’s sharp claws raked the side of my face.
    The New Arcadia
  12. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; Followed by up: to bring up or uncover (something), as embarrassing information, past misdeeds, etc. ambitransitive,figuratively
  13. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To search through (thoroughly). ambitransitive,figuratively
    — [...] I have added to both of them [language and poetry] in the choice of Words, and Harmony of Numbers which were wanting, [...] One is for raking in [Geoffrey] Chaucer (our Engliſh Ennius) for antiquated Words, which are never to be reviv'd, but when Sound or Significancy is wanting in the preſent Language.
  14. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire. also,ambitransitive,figuratively
    — The enemy machine guns raked the roadway.
  15. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.; To fire upon an enemy vessel from a position in line with its bow or stern, causing one's fire to travel through the length of the enemy vessel for maximum damage. also,ambitransitive,figuratively
  16. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To cover (something) by or as if by raking things over it. Ireland,Northern-England,Scotland,also,figuratively
  17. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.; To pick (a lock) with a rake.

词形变化

rakes plural rakes present,singular,third-person raking participle,present raked participle,past raked past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template rake infinitive rake first-person,present,singular raked first-person,past,singular rake present,second-person,singular rakest archaic,present,second-person,singular raked past,second-person,singular rakedst archaic,past,second-person,singular rakes present,singular,third-person raketh archaic,present,singular,third-person raked past,singular,third-person rake plural,present raked past,plural rake present,subjunctive raked past,subjunctive rake imperative,present - imperative,past raking participle,present raked participle,past rakes plural rakes plural rakes present,singular,third-person raking participle,present raked participle,past raked past rakes present,singular,third-person raking participle,present raked participle,past raked past rakes plural raik alternative rakes present,singular,third-person raking participle,present raked participle,past raked past rakes plural rakes plural rakes present,singular,third-person raking participle,present raked participle,past raked past

词汇关系

衍生词
cavex rake clam rake de-thatching rake dethatching rake fire rake grass rake hay rake hayrake hell-rake horserake lawn rake rakeback rakeful rakehoe rakeless rakelike rakemaker raker rake receiver rakestale rake-stepping roof rake snake rake spring rake step on a rake stubble rake thatcher's rake thatching rake thatch rake thatch-rake thin as a rake top rake muckrake overrake rakeable rake and scrape rake-and-scrape rake in rake it in rake 'n' scrape rake-'n'-scrape rake off rake out rake over rake over old coals rake over the coals rake together rake up rerake unrake unraked

词源

词源 1
From Middle English rake [and other forms], from Old English raca, racu, ræce (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rakō, *rekô (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself”).
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Danish rage (chiefly regional), Middle Dutch rāke, rēke (modern Dutch raak, reek (both regional), riek (“pitchfork, rake”)), Middle Low German rāke, racke (modern German Low German Raak (“rake; poker”)), Old High German rehho, rech (Middle High German reche, modern German Rechen (“rake”)), Old Norse reka (“shovel”) (modern Icelandic reka (“shovel”)), Old Saxon recho, Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“rake; (long) straight section of a road”)).
词源 2
The verb is partly derived from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”) (see etymology 1) and from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *raką, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself”).
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch rāken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German rāken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.
词源 3
From Middle English rake, rakke (“pass, path, track; type of fencing thrust; pasture land (?)”), and then partly:
* probably from Old English racu (“bed of a stream; path; account, narrative; explanation; argument, reasoning; reason”) (compare Old English hrace, hraca, hracu (“gorge”)), from Proto-Germanic *rakō (“path, track; course, direction; an unfolding, unwinding; account, narrative; argument, reasoning”) [and other forms], from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
* from Old Norse rák (“strip; stripe; furrow; small mountain ravine”), further etymology uncertain but probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rakō, as above.
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Icelandic rák (“streak, stripe; notch in a rock; vein in stone or wood”), Norwegian råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail”), Norwegian Nynorsk råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail; furrow; stripe”), Swedish råk (“crack or channel in ice; river valley”); and probably cognate with Old Danish rag (modern Danish rag (“stiff; taut”) (regional)), Old Norse rakr (“straight”), Swedish rak (“straight”).
词源 4
The verb is derived from Middle English raken (“to go, proceed; to move quickly, hasten, rush; to roam, wander”) [and other forms], from Old English racian (“to go forward, move, run; to hasten; to take a course or direction; to control, direct, govern, rule”), from Proto-West Germanic *rakōn (“to take a course or direction; to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten; to direct oneself”).
Cognates
The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch rāken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German rāken, rōken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), Old High German rahhōn (“to narrate, speak”), and probably Swedish raka (“to rush off”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
词源 5
The origin of the verb is uncertain. The noun is probably derived from the verb.
possibly related terms
* German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch rāgen, Middle Low German rāgen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (“to go up, rise”); and
* Middle Dutch rāken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German rāken, rōken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rakōną (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).
词源 6
The noun is a clipping of rakehell (“(archaic) lewd or wanton person, debauchee, rake”), from to rake (out) hell (“to search through hell thoroughly”), in the sense of a person so evil or immoral that they cannot be found in hell even after an extensive search: see rake (“to search through (thoroughly)”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
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