spare

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj.
中文释义
英 /spɛə(ɹ)/    美 /spɛɚ/|/speː/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint.
    — men slaine, then without any spare at all they trampled over the dead carkasses
  2. Parsimony; frugal use.
    — Pourd out their plenty, without spight or spare:
  3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket.
  4. That which has not been used or expended.
  5. A spare part.; A spare tire. especially
    — I stopped to help out. Do you have a spare? [Said by one motorist to another with a flat tire.]
  6. A spare part.; Any car part or comparable machine part in a supply chain.
    — People sometimes forget that world-class logistics also involve inventory management in warehouses full of spares.
  7. A superfluous or second-best person.
    — an heir and a spare
  8. The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.
  9. The act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame; this entitles the pins knocked down on the next ball to be added to the score for that frame.
  10. A free period; a block of school during which one does not have a class. Canada
    — I also remember watching David Letterman's short-lived morning show on TV when I had a spare during my school schedule.
  11. assistant or extra hand (typically on buses and lorries) Myanmar
动词 v.
  1. To show mercy, to have mercy on.; To desist; to stop; to refrain. intransitive
  2. To show mercy, to have mercy on.; To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance. intransitive
  3. To show mercy, to have mercy on.; To preserve (someone) from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm (someone); to show mercy towards. transitive
    — For jealousy is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance.
  4. To show mercy, to have mercy on.; To preserve (someone) from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm (someone); to show mercy towards.; To refrain from killing (someone) or having (someone) killed. specifically,transitive
    — Kill me, if you please, or spare me.
  5. To keep.; To be frugal; to not be profuse; to live frugally; to be parsimonious. intransitive
    — I, who at some times spend, at others spare, / Divided between carelessness and care.
  6. To keep.; To keep to oneself; to forbear to impart or give. transitive
    — Thou that day / Thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not spare
  7. To keep.; To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty. transitive
    — All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, from assaults, and the naturall refreshing of his body, be bestowed in praier and seruing of God
  8. (to give up): To deprive oneself of, as by being frugal; to do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with. transitive
    — Where angry Jove did never spare / One breath of kind and temperate air.
形容词 adj.
  1. Extra.; Being more than what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous.
    — I have no spare time.
  2. Extra.; Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency.
    — a spare anchor; a spare wheel or tyre
  3. Extra.; Not occupied or in current use.
    — We could rent out the spare room.
  4. Not plentiful.; Scant; not abundant or plentiful.
    — a spare diet
  5. Not plentiful.; Austere, stripped down, without what is extraneous.
    — I’m naked to the bone, With nakedness my shield. Myself is what I wear: I keep the spirit spare.
  6. Not plentiful.; Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; not spending much money.
    — He was spare, […]but discreet of speech.
  7. Not plentiful.; Lean; lacking flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.
    — O, give me the spare men, and spare me the great ones.
  8. Very angry; frustrated or distraught. UK,informal
    — When he found out that someone had broken the window, he went spare.

词形变化

sparer comparative sparest superlative spares plural spares present,singular,third-person sparing participle,present spared participle,past spared past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template spare infinitive spare first-person,present,singular spared first-person,past,singular spare present,second-person,singular sparest archaic,present,second-person,singular spared past,second-person,singular sparedst archaic,past,second-person,singular spares present,singular,third-person spareth archaic,present,singular,third-person spared past,singular,third-person spare plural,present spared past,plural spare present,subjunctive spared past,subjunctive spare imperative,present - imperative,past sparing participle,present spared participle,past

词汇关系

衍生词
go spare like a spare prick at a wedding nonspare spange spanger spare ball spare change sparely spareness spare part sparer spare rib spare room spare time spare tire spare tool spare tyre spare wheel unspare spary donut spare hot spare spareful spareless don't spare the horses forspare spareable spare a thought for spare no effort spare no expense spare someone's blushes spare someone the details spare the rod and spoil the child to spare unspared

词源

词源 1
From Middle English spare, spar, from Old English spær (“sparing, scant”), from Proto-Germanic *sparaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from the root *speh₁-.
Compare Dutch spaar(zaam), German spar(sam) and spär(lich), Swedish spar(sam), Icelandic sparr (“sparing”); also Latin (pro)sperus (“lucky”), Old Church Slavonic споръ (sporŭ, “plentiful”), Albanian shperr (“earn money”), Persian سپار (sepâr, “entrust; deposit”), Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós, “rare”), Sanskrit स्फिर (sphirá, “thick”).
词源 2
From Middle English sparen, sparien, from Old English sparian (“to spare, show mercy to, refrain from injuring or destroying”), from Proto-Germanic *sparōną, *sparāną (“to save, keep, spare”), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to be productive, earn”).
Cognate with Scots spar, spare, spair (“to spare”), West Frisian sparje (“to save, spare”), Dutch sparen (“to save, spare”), German sparen (“to save, conserve, economise”), Swedish spara (“to save, save up”), Icelandic spara (“to save, conserve”).
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