stifle

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈstaɪfl̩/    美 /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. An act or state of being stifled. rare
  2. The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.
  3. A bone disease of this region.
动词 v.
  1. To make (an animal or person) unconscious or cause (an animal or person) to die by preventing breathing; to smother, to suffocate. also,figuratively,transitive
    — I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.
  2. To cause (a dog, horse, or other four-legged mammal) to dislocate or sprain its stifle joint. transitive
  3. To cause (someone) difficulty in breathing, or a choking or gagging feeling. excessive,transitive
    — The heat was stifling the children.
  4. To prevent (a breath, cough, or cry, or the voice, etc.) from being released from the throat. also,figuratively,transitive
  5. To make (something) unable to be heard by blocking it with some medium. transitive
  6. To keep in, hold back, or repress (something). figuratively,transitive
    — The army stifled the rebellion.
  7. To prevent (something) from being revealed; to conceal, to hide, to suppress. figuratively,transitive
    — Atticus tried to stifle a smile but didn’t make it.
  8. To treat (a silkworm cocoon) with steam as part of the process of silk production. transitive
  9. To die of suffocation. intransitive
    — Two firemen tragically stifled in yesterday’s fire when trying to rescue an old lady from her bedroom.
  10. To smother; to make breathing difficult. excessive,intransitive
    — This heat is stifling.

词形变化

stifles present,singular,third-person stifling participle,present stifled participle,past stifled past stifil alternative stifles plural stifles plural stifles present,singular,third-person stifling participle,present stifled participle,past stifled past

词汇关系

衍生词
overstifle stifle-burn stifled stifler stifling stiflingly stifle bone stifle joint
相关词
die

词源

词源 1
The verb is derived from Late Middle English stuflen (“to have difficulty breathing due to heat, stifle; to suffocate by drowning, drown”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain. Also found in Middle English forstyflyd (“stifled, choked”, past participle).
Perhaps derived from Middle English stuffen (“to kill by suffocation; to stifle from heat; to extinguish, suppress (body heat, breath, humour, etc.); to deprive a plant of the conditions necessary for growth, choke”) + -len (frequentative suffix). Stuffen is derived from Old French estofer, estouffer (“to choke, strangle, suffocate; (figuratively) to inhibit, prevent”) [and other forms] (modern French étouffer), a variant of estoper, estuper (“to block, plug, stop up; to stiffen, thicken”) (modern French étouper (“to caulk”)), influenced by estofer (“to pad, stuff; to upholster”) (modern French étoffer). Estoper is derived from Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) (as a stuffing material; from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē) (compare στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)); probably from Pre-Greek) + -āre. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a derivation from Old Norse stífla (“to dam; to choke, stop up”) “appears untenable on the ground both of form and sense”.
The noun is derived from the verb.
词源 2
The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
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