rough

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv.
中文释义
英 /ɹʌf/    美 /ɹʌf/|/ɹɐf/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
  2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
    — In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. "Dreadful catastrophe!" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. "Fighting at Weybridge!"
  3. A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
  4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
  5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
  6. Boisterous weather. obsolete
    — In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.
  7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
动词 v.
  1. To create in an approximate form.
    — Rough in the shape first, then polish the details.
  2. To break the rules by being excessively violent. intransitive
    — […] roughing is not a part of the sport, and will not be tolerated. Referees will not permit unfair practices that may cause injury to a contestant, and are held strictly responsible for enforcing these rules.
  3. To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
  4. To render rough; to roughen.
  5. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
    — To Rough Horses, a word in familiar use among the dragoons to signify the act of breaking in horses, so as to adapt them to military purposes.
  6. To endure primitive conditions.
    — to rough it
  7. To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping. transitive
形容词 adj.
  1. Not smooth; uneven.
    — rough hands
  2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
    — a rough copy
  3. Turbulent.
    — rough sea
  4. Difficult; trying.
    — Being a teenager nowadays can be rough.
  5. Crude; unrefined.
    — His manners are a bit rough, but he means well.
  6. Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
    — "You find us a bit rough," apologized the young man, with something of contempt towards his surroundings. "We weren't expecting visitors."
  7. Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
    — the rough bit of town
  8. Violent; not careful or subtle.
    — rough words
  9. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
    — a rough tone
  10. Not polished; uncut.
    — a rough diamond
  11. Harsh-tasting.
    — rough wine
  12. Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition. Ireland,UK,colloquial,slang
  13. Unwell due to alcohol; hungover. Ireland,UK,colloquial,slang
  14. Of or relating to the rough breathing in the Greek language.
副词 adv.
  1. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
    — I will warrant they prove such roaring boys as I knew when I served under Lumford and Goring, [...] —sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. Ah! those merry days are gone.

词形变化

rougher comparative roughest superlative ruff alternative,pronunciation-spelling roughs plural ruff alternative,pronunciation-spelling roughs present,singular,third-person roughing participle,present roughed participle,past roughed past ruff alternative,pronunciation-spelling more rough comparative most rough superlative ruff alternative,pronunciation-spelling

词汇关系

近义词
abrasive asperous coarse gimped harsh irregular jagged jaggy rough rugged rugose salebrous scabrous scraggy shagged squarrose uneven unsmooth
反义词
even polished smooth velvety
上位词
textured
下位词
bumpy choppy corrugated cragged craggy creased gnarled gnarly knaggy knotted knotty knurly notched unbrushed ungroomed unshaven unpolished ridged scabby scaly shaggy wrinkled
衍生词
cut up rough dog rough have a rough time of it have it rough in rough in the rough lie rough live rough macrorough microrough nanorough nonrough oak rough bulletgall wasp overrough rough and ready rough-and-ready rough and tumble rough around the edges rough-backed litter snake rough bedstraw rough bent rough bentgrass rough bluegrass rough-book rough book rough breathing roughcast roughcaster rough collie Rough Common rough cut rough diamond rough-draw rough draw roughdrawn rough-dressed roughdry rough-edged rough edges rough end of the pineapple rough endoplasmic reticulum rough fish rough-footed rough-footed mud turtle rough-grained rough hawksbeard roughhead rough-hew rough-hewer rough-hewn rough horsetail rough-hound rough house rough-house roughhouse roughie roughish rough justice rough-leaf false vervain roughleg rough-legged rough-legged buzzard rough-legged hawk rough lemon roughly rough music roughneck roughness rough number roughometer rough patch rough perfect rough pump rough ride roughrider rough rider Rough Riders roughriding roughscuff rough service light rough shark roughshod rough slant rough sledding rough sleeper rough sleeping roughsome roughspun roughstock rough string rough stuff roughtail rough talk rough-toothed dolphin rough trade rough trot rough up the bullpen rough vacuum roughwing rough-winged swallow roughwork roughy ruffmans take the rough with the smooth the rough side of one's tongue tommy rough unrough bit of rough diamond in the rough putt from the rough rough-and-tumble rough in rough it rough out rough up
相关词
rough-hewn

词源

词源 1
From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).
词源 2
From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).
词源 3
From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).
词源 4
From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).
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