spoil

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
发音 spoil

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Plunder taken from an enemy or victim.
    — Thoſe thouſand horſe shall ſweat with martiall ſpoyle Of conquered kingdomes, and of Cities ſackt, […]
  2. The act of taking plunder from an enemy or victim; spoliation, pillage, rapine. archaic
    — This countrey ſwarmes with vile outragious men, That liue by rapine and by lawleſſe ſpoile, Fit ſouldiers for the wicked Tamburlaine.
  3. Material (such as rock or earth) removed in the course of an excavation, or in mining or dredging. Tailings. Such material could be utilised somewhere else. uncountable
    — In view of the decline in freight traffic, it was strange to hear from Mr. Lambert that there is "a continuing problem of supplying, particularly for the civil engineer, the number of wagons required for carrying construction materials and spoil for various works."
动词 v.
  1. To strip (someone who has been killed or defeated) of arms or armour. archaic,transitive
  2. To strip or deprive (someone) of possessions; to rob, despoil. archaic,transitive
    — All that herde hym wer amased and sayde: ys nott this he that spoylled them whych called on this name in Jerusalem?
  3. To plunder, pillage (a city, country etc.). ambitransitive,archaic
    — Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil.
  4. To carry off (goods) by force; to steal. obsolete,transitive
    — No man can enter into a strong man’s house, and spoil his goods, except he will first bind the strong man.
  5. To ruin; to damage in such a way as to make undesirable or unusable. transitive
    — All this sun spoils me for vacations in the far North.
  6. To ruin the character of, by overindulgence; to coddle or pamper to excess. transitive
  7. To go bad; to become sour or rancid; to decay. intransitive
    — Make sure you put the milk back in the fridge; otherwise it will spoil.
  8. To render (a ballot) invalid by deliberately defacing. transitive
    — Dr Jonathan Grant (Letters, April 22) feels the best way to show his disaffection with political parties over Iraq is to spoil his ballot paper.
  9. To prematurely reveal major events or the ending of (a story etc.); to ruin (a surprise) by exposing ahead of time as a spoiler. transitive
    — These include a brief but showstopping (and trailer-revealed) scene where Vanellope crashes a Disney Princess reunion, packed with gags and references that should send both young and old fans into paroxysms of glee. The princess confab also leads into a scene featuring Vanellope and the cast of Slaughter Race that probably shouldn’t be spoiled.
  10. To reduce the lift generated by an airplane or wing by deflecting air upwards, usually with a spoiler.
  11. To be very eager (for something). intransitive
    — Senator Toombs who announced his readiness to whip Great Britain [...] has been spoiling for a fight ever since

词形变化

spoils present,singular,third-person spoiling participle,present spoiled participle,past spoiled past spoilt participle,past spoilt past spoils plural

词汇关系

近义词
ball up blight bumble botch bugger up bungle contaminate corrupt crab deprave disrupt disturb foil fuck up jack up mar mess up mishandle mommick pollute put a crimp in queer screw up soil sour spoil stain undo upset turn upside down upset the applecart vitiate
反义词
aid cultivate foster nurture support sustain uphold prop up hold up bolster
上位词
aggravate hinder
下位词
blunt dirty dull cook someone's goose drive a coach and horses through put a damper on
衍生词
one bad apple can spoil the barrel one bad apple can spoil the whole bunch Q-spoil spare the rod and spoil the child spoilability spoilable spoilee spoilfive spoilful spoiling for a fight spoil market spoil-paper spoilsome spoil somebody rotten spoil someone rotten spoilsport spoil the market spoil the ship for a ha'p'orth of tar spoil the ship for a hap'orth of tar too many chefs spoil the broth too many cooks spoil the soup too many cooks spoil the stew unspoil you must spoil before you spin spoiler spoil heap spoilless
相关词
despoil spoilsport spoilage spoils of war spoilt too many cooks spoil the broth

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Latin spolium
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin spoliāre
Old French espoillierbor.
Middle English spoilen
English spoil
From Middle English spoilen, spuylen, borrowed from Old French espoillier, espollier, espuler, from Latin spoliō, spoliāre (“pillage, ruin, spoil”).
词源 2
Etymology tree
Latin spolium
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin spoliāre
Old French espoillierbor.
Middle English spoilen
English spoil
From Middle English spoilen, spuylen, borrowed from Old French espoillier, espollier, espuler, from Latin spoliō, spoliāre (“pillage, ruin, spoil”).
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