hard

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv.
/hɑːd/    /hɑɹd/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water. countable
    — The Monastery's ironworks at Sowley were renowned for centuries but declined with the passing of the 'wooden walls' at Buckler's Hard — a great number of these ships having been built with timber from the Beaulieu Woods […]
  2. A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums. countable
  3. Crack cocaine. slang,uncountable
  4. Hard labor. slang,uncountable
    — The prisoners were sentenced to three years' hard.
动词 v.
  1. To make hard, harden. obsolete,transitive
    — He knows vain men: he sees their harts that hard them In Guiles and Wiles, and will not hee regard them?
形容词 adj.
  1. Solid and firm.
    — Luckily she wasn’t there any more, no one was, when he returned from the Caribbean carnival damp-hatted and soaked through after being caught unprepared by a squall of hard, hot rain.
  2. Solid and firm.; Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut, or penetrate.
    — This bread is so stale and hard, I can barely cut it.
  3. Solid and firm.; Strong.
  4. Solid and firm.; Containing alcohol.
    — hard cider, hard lemonade, hard seltzer, hard soda
  5. Solid and firm.; Very acidic or tannic.
    — While most 1974s remain hard, tannic, hollow wines lacking ripeness, flesh, and character, a number of the Graves estates did produce surprisingly spicy, interesting wines.
  6. Solid and firm.; High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.
  7. Solid and firm.; Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft).
  8. Solid and firm.; Having a high energy (high frequency; short wavelength).
    — hard X-rays
  9. Solid and firm.; Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows.
  10. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
    — a hard problem;  a hard question;  a hard topic
  11. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
    — a hard life
  12. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.
    — a hard master;  a hard heart;  hard words;  a hard character
  13. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Difficult to resist or control; powerful. dated
    — The stag was too hard for the horse.
  14. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Hardened; having unusually strong defences.
    — a hard site
  15. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Tough, muscular, badass. slang
    — He thinks he's well hard.
  16. Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.; Excellent, impressive. slang
    — This song goes hard.
  17. Unquestionable; unequivocal.
    — hard evidence;  a hard requirement
  18. Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.
    — At the intersection, there are two roads going to the left. Take the hard left.
  19. Sexually aroused; having an erect penis. slang,vulgar
    — I got so hard watching two hot girls wrestle each other on the beach.
  20. Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise.
  21. Fortis.; Plosive. not-comparable
    — There is a hard c in "clock" and a soft c in "centre".
  22. Fortis.; Unvoiced. not-comparable
    — Hard k, t, s, ch, as distinguished from soft, g, d, z, j.
  23. Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized.
    — The letter ж (ž) in Russian is always hard.
  24. Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.; Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.
  25. Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.; Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading.
  26. In a physical form, not digital. not-comparable
    — a soft or hard copy; a digital or hard archive
  27. Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command. not-comparable
    — a hard reboot or reset
  28. Far, extreme.
    — hard right, hard left
  29. Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off.
  30. Of a market: having more demand than supply; being a seller's market.
    — Undercapitalized insurers cannot retain more catastrophe risks when the market is hard […]
  31. Hardcore.
副词 adv.
  1. With much force or effort.
    — He hit the puck hard up the ice.
  2. With difficulty.
    — His degree was hard earned.
  3. So as to raise difficulties. obsolete
    — The question is hard set.
  4. Compactly.
    — The lake had finally frozen hard.
  5. Near, close. archaic
    — At the intersection, bear hard left.

词形变化

harder comparative more hard comparative hardest superlative most hard superlative harder comparative hardest superlative hards plural hards present,singular,third-person harding participle,present harded participle,past harded past

词汇关系

衍生词
an old dog for a hard road between a rock and a hard place blow-hard bone-hard bone hard cold hard cash die-hard do the hard yards drive a hard bargain dumb hard fall on hard times find out the hard way forhard give someone a hard time go hard go hard or go home go hard with someone hard act to follow hard and fast hard-and-fast hard-arse hard as a rock hard as brazil hard as Chinese algebra hard as Chinese arithmetic hard as iron hard ask hard as nails hard-ass hard-assed hard-assery hard as the nether millstone hard atheism hard atheist hard at work hardback hardbacked hardbag hardbake hardball hardbeam hard-bill hard-block hardboard hardbody hard-boil hard-boiled hard bop hardbottom hardbound hard bread hard Brexit hard-brick hard candy hard case hard cases make bad law hard cash hard charger hard-charging hard cheese hard cider hard clam hard class hard coal hardcoal hardcoat hard-code hard code hard coded hard copy hard core hard-core hardcore hard count hard-counter hard counter hardcourt hard court hardcover hardcovered hard-cured hard currency hard deck hard deletion hard determinism hard determinist hard disc hard disc drive hard disk hard disk drive hard dough bread hard drink hard drive harddrive hard-driving hard drop hard drug hard ears hard-easy effect hard edge hard-edged hard-edge painting hardel harden harder daddy hard error harder than Chinese math hardface hard facts hard fault hard-favored hard-favoured hard-featured hard feelings hard fern hardfern hard-fisted hardflip hard float hard-float hard food hard fork hard freeze hard g hard gainer hard going hardgoods hard goods hard-grained hardgrass hard grass hardground hardhack hard hand hard handed hardhanded hard-handed hard-handedly hard-handedness hard hat hard head hardheaded hard-headed hard-head hardhead hard-hearted hardhearted hard-heartedly hard-heartedness hard hit hard inquiry hardish hard jade hard kill hard knock hard knocks hard labor hard labour hard-land hard land hard landing hard landscaping hard launch hard-launch hard-left hard left hard lemonade hard lens hard light hard-line hard line hardline hard-liner hardliner hard lines hard link hard liquor hardlock hardlooking hard loser hard-luck hard luck hard-luck story hard luxury hardly hard man hardman hard maple hard market hard matte hard measles hard metal hard milkwood hard mode hard money hard-mouthed hard multum hard mutation hard nail hard neck hardness hard news hard-nose hard nose hard nosed hard-nosed hardnosed hard nut to crack hard of hearing hard of heart hard of seeing hard of thinking hardometer hard-on hardon hard on the eyes hard out hardpack hardpacked hardpad hard palate hard-pan hardpan hard pass hardpaste hard-paste hard paste hard paywall hard pill hard pill to swallow hard pine hardpoint hard power hardpressed hard pull hard put hard R hard radiation hard rain hard real-time hard reboot hard redirect hard reset hard return hard right hard-right hard rock hard rocker hard roe hard row to hoe hard rubber hard-run hard sauce hardscape hard science hard science fiction hardscrabble hard-scrabble hard-sectored hard sectoring hard sell hard-sell hard seltzer hard-set hard-shell clam hardshelled hard-shell hardshell hardship hard shoulder hard sign hard skill hard sledding hard soap hardsome hard space hardsport hardspun hardstand hard standing hard start hard steel hardstep hardstone hard stop hardstuck hard stuff hardstyle hardsuit hard swap hard swearing hard tack hard-tack hardtack hardtail hard target hard tech hard tick hard-ticket hard time hard times hard to come by hard-to-get hardtop hard to please hard to swallow hard truth hard up hard-up hard vacuum hard vore hardwall hard war hardware hard water hardway hard way hardwear hard wheat hard white hard-wire hard wired hardwired hardwood hard word hard words hard work hard worker hardworking hard X-ray hard yakka hard yards have a hard time have a hard time of it have it hard hit hard hit one hard hold hard hold yew hard learn the hard way leather-hard make hard work of make someone hard to catch microhard Nintendo hard no hard feelings nonhard NP-hard old habits die hard overhard over hard play hard to get prehard put the hard word on Queen's hard bargain rad-hard ridden hard and put away wet rock-hard rock hard rode hard and put up wet school of hard knocks semi-hard semihard stonehard stone-hard the hard way too-hard basket too hard basket tryhard try-hard ultrahard working hard or hardly working English terms starting with hard by blowhard cry harder die hard go hard in the paint go hard on go hard with hard aport hard astarboard hard at it hard-baked hard-bitten hard-bound hard-coded hard-contested hard done by hard-drawn hard drinker hard-drinking hard-driven hard-earned hard-fought hard-gained hard-got hard-gotten hard-hit hard-hitting hard on hard upon hard on one's heels hard on the heels hardover hard-pressed hard-pushed hard-reset hard-wearing hard-wired hard-won hard-working ride hard ride hard and put away wet ride someone hard and put them away wet run hard Bucklers Hard

词源

词源 1
From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”).
Cognates
Cognate with Yola hard (“hard”), West Frisian hurd (“hard”), Alemannic German hert (“hard”), Bavarian hoat (“hard”), Central Franconian haat (“hard”), Dutch hard (“hard”), German hart (“hard”), Luxembourgish haart (“hard”), Danish and Swedish hård (“hard”), Faroese and Icelandic harður (“hard”), Norwegian Bokmål hard (“hard”), Norwegian Nynorsk hard, hard’u (“hard”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus, “hard”), Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu, “power, might, ability”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).
词源 2
From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch harden (“to harden”), German härten (“to harden”), Danish hærde (“to harden; to temper”), Icelandic herða (“to harden”), Norwegian Bokmål herde (“to harden; to toughen”), Norwegian Nynorsk herda (“to make hard, temper; harden”), Swedish härda (“harden, temper”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahardjan), *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*hardjan, “to harden”).
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